403 stainless steel is a ferritic steel alloy primarily composed of chromium (Cr), with small amounts of carbon, manganese, and silicon. It is primarily known for its excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures, particularly in environments where oxidation, carburization, and scaling may occur. It’s most commonly used in industrial applications where components are exposed to heat and moderate corrosive conditions but where cost-effective materials are needed.

Unlike austenitic steels, 403 stainless steel is magnetic, which makes it useful in applications requiring magnetic properties, such as in some types of equipment in power plants or furnaces. Its combination of oxidation resistance and weldability makes it a popular choice in industries where high-temperature resistance is essential.

1. Chemical Composition of 403 Stainless Steel Plate

The chemical composition of 403 stainless steel plate is critical to its performance. The primary elements found in this alloy include:

• Chromium (Cr): 11.0-13.0% – Provides resistance to oxidation and enhances the alloy’s strength at elevated temperatures.

• Carbon (C): 0.08% max – Contributes to the strength of the steel but is controlled to prevent brittleness.

• Manganese (Mn): 1.00% max – Improves strength and toughness.

• Silicon (Si): 1.00% max – Enhances oxidation resistance.

• Phosphorus (P): 0.04% max – Limits corrosion resistance.

• Sulfur (S): 0.03% max – Affects machinability.

This composition makes 403 stainless steel well-suited to withstand high temperatures while maintaining its structural integrity over time.

2. Key Properties of 403 Stainless Steel Plate

403 stainless steel plates exhibit several important properties that contribute to their widespread use in industrial applications:

• High-Temperature Resistance: 403 stainless steel can withstand continuous exposure to high temperatures up to 1200°F (649°C), making it ideal for exhaust systems and furnace components.

• Oxidation Resistance: This steel resists oxidation in high-temperature environments, especially when compared to other grades like 409 and 430.

• Magnetic Properties: Being ferritic, 403 stainless steel is magnetic, which can be advantageous in certain applications.

• Weldability: 403 stainless steel is easily weldable, making it suitable for various manufacturing processes.

• Moderate Corrosion Resistance: While 403 offers decent corrosion resistance, it is more suited to environments where oxidation and heat resistance are required rather than extreme corrosive conditions.

3. 403 Stainless Steel Plate Applications

403 stainless steel is used in various industries that require heat-resistant materials. Some of its most common applications include:

• Power Generation: 403 stainless steel is used in turbine blades, combustion chambers, and other components exposed to high heat and stress.

• Automotive: Used in components like exhaust systems, catalytic converters, and turbochargers.

• Heat Exchangers: Utilized in heat exchangers and other equipment exposed to high-temperature environments.

• Industrial Furnace Parts: Components such as burner parts, furnace linings, and other equipment requiring heat resistance.

• Food Processing Equipment: Used in certain food processing applications where moderate corrosion resistance and high heat tolerance are needed.

Table: Comparison of 403 Stainless Steel Plate with Other Stainless Steel Grades

4. Price Comparison: 403 Stainless Steel Plates in China, USA, and India

The cost of 403 stainless steel plates can vary significantly depending on the region. Factors such as raw material costs, local labor rates, and transportation influence the price. Here’s an overview of the pricing in different regions:

• China: 403 stainless steel plates are relatively affordable in China, with prices ranging from $2.50 to $3.50 per kg due to large-scale production and low labor costs.

• USA: The price for 403 stainless steel plates in the United States is typically higher, ranging from $3.50 to $6.00 per kg due to higher production costs, labor, and regulatory standards.

• India: India’s prices fall between those of China and the USA, typically ranging from $2.80 to $4.50 per kg, benefitting from competitive labor costs and a growing steel manufacturing industry.

Table: Price Comparison of 403 Stainless Steel Plates

Factors Influencing Prices

Several factors affect the pricing of 403 stainless steel plates:

• Raw Material Costs: Chromium and other alloying elements make up a significant portion of the cost.

• Labor and Manufacturing Costs: The cost of labor and factory overheads can vary by region, impacting the final price.

• Shipping and Tariffs: Import/export duties, shipping, and logistics costs also play a role in determining the overall price.

• Supply and Demand: Changes in global supply and demand, particularly in key markets like China, the USA, and India, can impact prices.

5. Procurement Considerations for 403 Stainless Steel Plates

When sourcing 403 stainless steel plates, there are several factors that must be taken into account:

• Supplier Reputation: Choosing a reliable supplier like Luokaiwei ensures that you are purchasing high-quality materials with prompt delivery.

• Specifications and Certifications: Ensure the material meets the required standards, such as ASTM A240 or equivalent, and verify the supplier’s certifications for quality control.

• Order Quantity and Lead Time: Consider your project’s scale and lead time, especially if you are working on tight deadlines.

• Price Stability: Monitor the price trends for stainless steel to anticipate fluctuations and manage procurement costs effectively.

• Quality Control: Ensure the steel meets specific hardness, stress, and tensile strength requirements, which can be verified through proper testing.

6. Case Study: Automotive Manufacturer

An automotive manufacturer in India was facing difficulties with sourcing exhaust system components that could withstand high temperatures without rusting or degrading over time. After switching to 403 stainless steel, the company reported a 20% increase in the lifespan of the exhaust parts. The company saved significant costs by choosing 403 stainless steel instead of more expensive alloys like 304, and the parts performed well under extreme heat conditions.

7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What is the main advantage of 403 stainless steel over other alloys?
   403 stainless steel offers a cost-effective solution for high-temperature applications, providing good oxidation resistance while being more affordable than other high-temperature resistant alloys like 304 or 316.

2. Can 403 stainless steel be welded?
   Yes, 403 stainless steel can be easily welded, making it ideal for applications requiring customized shapes and forms.

3. What is the heat resistance of 403 stainless steel?
   403 stainless steel can withstand temperatures up to 1200°F (649°C) without significant loss of strength.

4. Is 403 stainless steel magnetic?
   Yes, 403 stainless steel is magnetic, which makes it suitable for applications that require magnetic properties.

5. What industries typically use 403 stainless steel?
   403 stainless steel is used in industries such as automotive, power generation, heat exchangers, and industrial furnaces due to its heat resistance and moderate corrosion resistance.